Heredity class 10 important MCQ
Heredity – Important MCQs (Class 10)
1–20: Basics of Heredity
- The transmission of traits from
parents to offspring is called
A) Variation
B) Evolution
C) Heredity
D) Adaptation
Ans: C - The scientific study of heredity
is known as
A) Ecology
B) Genetics
C) Taxonomy
D) Embryology
Ans: B - Who is known as the Father of
Genetics?
A) Darwin
B) Lamarck
C) Mendel
D) Morgan
Ans: C - Mendel conducted experiments on
A) Pea plant
B) Wheat
C) Rice
D) Maize
Ans: A - The alternative forms of a gene
are called
A) Chromosomes
B) Alleles
C) Traits
D) DNA
Ans: B - The gene controlling a single
trait is called
A) Polygenic
B) Monogenic
C) Digenic
D) Multigenic
Ans: B - A dominant trait is expressed when
A) Present only in homozygous condition
B) Present in heterozygous condition
C) Recessive gene is absent
D) Both B and C
Ans: D - The physical appearance of an
organism is called
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromatid
Ans: B - The genetic makeup of an organism
is called
A) Phenotype
B) Trait
C) Genotype
D) Character
Ans: C - Which trait is dominant in pea
plant?
A) Wrinkled seeds
B) Green seeds
C) Tall plant
D) Constricted pods
Ans: C - Which of the following is a
recessive trait?
A) Tall
B) Round
C) Yellow
D) Wrinkled
Ans: D - The unit of heredity is
A) Chromosome
B) Gene
C) Cell
D) Protein
Ans: B - A pair of identical alleles is
called
A) Hybrid
B) Heterozygous
C) Homozygous
D) Hemizygous
Ans: C - A cross involving one pair of
contrasting characters is called
A) Dihybrid cross
B) Monohybrid cross
C) Back cross
D) Test cross
Ans: B - The F₁
generation produced by Mendel was
A) All tall
B) All dwarf
C) Tall and dwarf
D) All wrinkled
Ans: A - Which generation shows segregation
of traits?
A) Parental
B) F₁
C) F₂
D) Hybrid
Ans: C - The ratio obtained in F₂
generation of monohybrid cross is
A) 1:2:1
B) 9:3:3:1
C) 3:1
D) 2:1
Ans: C - The law of segregation is also
known as
A) Law of dominance
B) Law of purity of gametes
C) Law of independent assortment
D) Law of variation
Ans: B - Which structure carries genes?
A) Ribosomes
B) Cytoplasm
C) Chromosomes
D) Cell membrane
Ans: C - DNA is present in
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Ribosomes
D) Vacuole
Ans: B
21–40 :
Mendel’s Laws
- Law of dominance explains
A) Mixing of traits
B) Suppression of recessive trait
C) Independent inheritance
D) Mutation
Ans: B - In heterozygous condition, the
expressed allele is
A) Recessive
B) Lethal
C) Dominant
D) Inactive
Ans: C - Law of independent assortment
applies to
A) One trait
B) Two traits
C) Linked genes
D) Sex-linked genes
Ans: B - The phenotypic ratio of dihybrid
cross is
A) 3:1
B) 1:2:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 2:1
Ans: C - Mendel selected pea plant because
A) Long life span
B) Large size
C) Many contrasting traits
D) Aquatic plant
Ans: C - The F₁
generation of a dihybrid cross is
A) All recessive
B) All dominant
C) Mixed
D) All hybrids
Ans: D - A test cross is used to determine
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Dominance
D) Evolution
Ans: B - Test cross is performed between
A) Two hybrids
B) Two dominants
C) Hybrid and recessive
D) Two recessives
Ans: C - Which ratio indicates genotype in
monohybrid cross?
A) 3:1
B) 1:1
C) 1:2:1
D) 9:3:3:1
Ans: C - Mendel’s laws are universally
applicable to
A) Animals only
B) Plants only
C) All sexually reproducing organisms
D) Humans only
Ans: C
41–60 : Sex
Determination
- Sex of a child is determined by
A) Mother
B) Father
C) Both parents equally
D) Environment
Ans: B - Which chromosome is present in
males?
A) XX
B) YY
C) XY
D) XO
Ans: C - Human females have
A) XX
B) XY
C) XO
D) YY
Ans: A - Which chromosome carries genes for
sex determination?
A) Autosomes
B) X chromosome
C) Y chromosome
D) Both B and C
Ans: D - The Y chromosome is inherited from
A) Mother
B) Father
C) Both
D) None
Ans: B - Sex-linked traits are located on
A) Autosomes
B) X chromosome
C) Y chromosome
D) Mitochondria
Ans: B - Example of sex-linked disease is
A) Diabetes
B) Hemophilia
C) TB
D) Cancer
Ans: B - Color blindness is more common in
A) Females
B) Males
C) Children
D) Old people
Ans: B - Human beings have how many
chromosomes?
A) 44
B) 46
C) 23
D) 22
Ans: B - Number of autosomes in humans is
A) 22
B) 44
C) 46
D) 23
Ans: B
61–80 :
Variation & Evolution (Heredity link)
- Differences among individuals are
called
A) Adaptation
B) Evolution
C) Variation
D) Mutation
Ans: C - Variations are important because
they help in
A) Reproduction
B) Survival
C) Mutation
D) Cloning
Ans: B - Which variation is inherited?
A) Acquired
B) Somatic
C) Germinal
D) Temporary
Ans: C - Acquired traits are
A) Inherited
B) Not inherited
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
Ans: B - Darwin proposed the theory of
A) Mutation
B) Evolution
C) Natural selection
D) Genetic drift
Ans: C - Evolution is based on
A) Heredity
B) Variation
C) Natural selection
D) All of these
Ans: D - Sudden change in DNA is called
A) Variation
B) Evolution
C) Mutation
D) Adaptation
Ans: C - Which variation is most
beneficial?
A) Harmful
B) Neutral
C) Adaptive
D) Lethal
Ans: C - Long neck of giraffe is an example
of
A) Acquired trait
B) Mutation
C) Adaptive evolution
D) Artificial selection
Ans: C - Evolution occurs over
A) Short time
B) One generation
C) Long period
D) Few years
Ans: C
81–100 :
Application & HOTS
- Blood group inheritance is an
example of
A) Single gene inheritance
B) Multiple alleles
C) Mutation
D) Acquired trait
Ans: B - Which blood group is universal
donor?
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O
Ans: D - Which blood group is universal
recipient?
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O
Ans: C - Genes are made up of
A) Protein
B) RNA
C) DNA
D) Lipid
Ans: C - Crossing over occurs during
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis I
C) Meiosis II
D) Fertilization
Ans: B - Gametes are formed by
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Ans: B - Haploid cells contain
A) Full chromosomes
B) Half chromosomes
C) No chromosomes
D) Extra chromosomes
Ans: B - Which cell is diploid?
A) Sperm
B) Ovum
C) Zygote
D) Gamete
Ans: C - The fusion of gametes is called
A) Pollination
B) Fertilization
C) Mutation
D) Segregation
Ans: B - Variation is caused due to
A) DNA copying
B) Environmental factors
C) Sexual reproduction
D) All of these
Ans: D - Traits controlled by more than one
gene are called
A) Monogenic
B) Digenic
C) Polygenic
D) Lethal
Ans: C - Height in humans is an example of
A) Monogenic trait
B) Polygenic trait
C) Sex-linked trait
D) Acquired trait
Ans: B - Which law explains gamete
formation?
A) Dominance
B) Segregation
C) Assortment
D) Mutation
Ans: B - Which generation shows new
combinations?
A) P
B) F₁
C) F₂
D) Hybrid
Ans: C - Genetic material is transferred
through
A) Cytoplasm
B) Blood
C) Genes
D) Hormones
Ans: C - Mendel used how many traits in pea
plant?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
Ans: C - A pure tall plant has genotype
A) Tt
B) tt
C) TT
D) T
Ans: C - Which is NOT inherited?
A) Eye colour
B) Blood group
C) Body weight due to exercise
D) Hair type
Ans: C - Heredity ensures
A) Similarity only
B) Difference only
C) Continuity of species
D) Extinction
Ans: C - Study of heredity helps in
understanding
A) Evolution
B) Diseases
C) Variation
D) All of these
Ans: D
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